




You find a lot about the South African Antarctic Programme (SANAP) here, you can even download monthly newsletters.
Photo credits and photo stream : Chantal Steyn
We will create permanent links to Chantal's photos and the Antarctic programme asap...
Officials marked the occasion Friday at the Cranbrook Institute, Bloomfield , Michigan.
"He's in good health. He's retired," Organization for Bat Conservation director Rob Mies said.
By his species' standards Tanner is a senior citizen.Only about 4,000 of the large, fruit-eating bats still live on tiny Rodrigues Island in the Indian Ocean. They live about 20 years in the wild, Mies said.
Tanner had been the second oldest of the 1,000 or so golden bats in captivity until a few months ago when a 23-year-old female died at Chicago's Brookfield Zoo. He's also three years older than others in captivity.
Their ages are confirmed because each of the captive bats are registered worldwide, Mies said.
Called golden because of their reddish-blond fur, Tanner and his ilk also are known as golden flying foxes and are among the largest bats in the world.
Tanner has a 4-foot (1.22-meter) wingspan and weighs about a pound, but no longer flies due to a wing injury.
The nonprofit Organization for Bat Conservation researches and educates the public about bats. Its Bat Zone at Cranbrook is home to more than 100 bats from around the world.
Sources & photo credits:
Die teuerste Naturkatastrophe 2008 war laut Rückversicherung das Erdbeben, das im Mai die chinesische Provinz Sichuan erschütterte. Es habe Schäden von 85 Milliarden Dollar angerichtet und nach offizieller Statistik 70.000 Menschen das Leben gekostet. 374.000 Menschen seien verletzt worden, fast fünf Millionen wurden obdachlos.
Mit 30 Milliarden Dollar verursachte Hurrikan Ike, der im September die USA traf, die zweithöchsten Schäden. 15 Milliarden davon waren versichert. Ike hat damit die höchsten versicherten Schäden des Jahres angerichtet. Er löste eine Sturmflut aus, die große Küstenabschnitte in Texas und Louisiana unter Wasser setzte und tötete 129 Menschen. Mit acht Stürmen in Hurrikanstärke sei 2008 eine schwere Saison gewesen, erklärte die Münchener Rück – die viertschlimmste sei Beginn verlässlicher Aufzeichnungen.
Die Versicherung führt diese Entwicklung auf den Klimawandel zurück. Höhere Temperaturen bewirkten, dass mehr Energie in der Atmosphäre sei und es zu schlimmeren Unwettern komme. Diese richteten zudem immer schlimmere Schäden an, da sich in bedrohten Gegenden wie Küsten immer höhere Werte konzentrierten.
Das Orkantief „Emma“ hat weite Teile Mitteleuropas ins Chaos gestürzt und Schäden in Millionenhöhe verursacht. Mindestens 13 Menschen wurden getötet. Dnnoch: die Verwüstung bei weitem nicht so schlimm wie beim Orkan „Kyrill (engl.)“ ein Jahr zuvor.
Auch in Europa richteten Unwetter Schäden an: Orkantief Emma verursachte im März in Mitteleuropa Kosten von 2 Milliarden Dollar. Tief Hilal richtete durchHagel, Böen und Überschwemmungen Schäden von 1,3 Milliarden Dollar an.
Wegen der Erderwärmung müssen sich die Menschen auf immer mehr und schlimmere Naturkatastrophen einstellen. „Der Klimawandel hat bereits eingesetzt und trägt mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit zu immer häufigeren Wetterextremen und dadurch bedingten Naturkatastrophen bei“, sagte Konzernvorstand Jeworrek. „Diese wiederum richten immer größere Schäden an.“
Die Münchener Rück kündigte an, auf die zunehmende Bedrohung durch Naturkatastrophen auch mit Preiserhöhungen zu reagieren. „In unserem Kerngeschäft übernehmen wir Risiken nur zu adäquaten Preisen“, sagte Jeworrek. „Ändert sich die Gefährdungslage, passen wir das Preisgefüge an.“
Der Manager drängte die Politik zu raschen, konkreten Maßnahmen gegen die fortschreitende Erderwärmung. „Auf dem nächsten Klimagipfel in Kopenhagen muss ganz klar der Weg zu einer mindestens fünfzigprozentigen Reduzierung der Treibhausgasemissionen bis 2050 mit entsprechenden Meilensteinen festgeschrieben werden. Bei zu langem Zögern wird es für künftige Generationen sehr teuer“, warnte Jeworrek.-
....wreaking havoc in Cuba...and Texas
Here more to Ike that caused at least 214 fatalities
Disasters cost the lives of 220,000 people
2008 will go down as one of the worst natural disaster years in history, with 220,000 deaths and damage of $ 200 billion. As Munich Re reported on Monday, the inflation-adjusted financial losses are only exceeded by 2005 with its extreme hurricane season and 1995 with the earthquake in Kobe, Japan. Compared to 2007, the damage more than doubled by $ 118 billion. The insured damage also increased significantly by 50 percent to 45 billion dollars.
Myanmar
Most of the people died in Myanmar's tropical cyclone Nargis. High wind speeds, record rainfall and a storm surge in the low-lying Irrawaddy Delta and the former capital Rangoon probably killed around 135,000 people, according to Munich Rueck. The storm surge had penetrated up to 40 kilometers deep into the country and put it up to three and a half meters deep under water. A million people became homeless. The financial damage remained relatively low at $ 4 billion.
According to insurance, the most expensive natural disaster in 2008 was the earthquake that struck the Chinese province of Sichuan in May. It caused damage of 85 billion dollars and, according to official statistics, cost the lives of 70,000 people. 374,000 people were injured and almost five million were left homeless.
2008 was probably the third most expensive year in history, but at least since 1900, explained the insurancem company. Even the great San Francisco earthquake, which left the city almost completely in ruins in 1906, would have caused less damage - even if you factor in inflation since then.
With $ 30 billion, Hurricane Ike, which hit the United States in September, caused the second highest damage. 15 billion of these were insured. Ike thus caused the highest insured losses of the year. It triggered a storm surge that flooded large stretches of coastline in Texas and Louisiana, killing 129 people. With eight storms of hurricane strength, 2008 was a difficult season, explained Munich Rueck - the fourth worst was the beginning of reliable records.
The insurance company attributes this development to climate change. Higher temperatures mean that there is more energy in the atmosphere and that there are worse storms. These also caused ever worse damage, as ever higher values were concentrated in threatened areas such as coasts.
Storms also caused damage in Europe: Hurricane Emma caused costs of 2 billion dollars in Central Europe in March. Low Hilal caused damage of 1.3 billion dollars from hail, gusts and floods. Because of global warming, people have to prepare for more and more severe natural disasters.
"Climate change has already started and it is very likely that it is contributing to ever more frequent weather extremes and the resulting natural disasters," said Group Board Member Jeworrek. "These in turn cause greater and greater damage." Munich Re announced that it will respond to the increasing threat posed by natural disasters with price increases. “In our core business, we only take risks at adequate prices,” said Jeworrek. "If the risk situation changes, we adjust the price structure."
The manager urged politicians to swiftly take concrete measures against advancing global warming. “At the next climate summit in Copenhagen, the path to at least a fifty percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 must be clearly laid down with appropriate milestones. If you hesitate too long, it will be very expensive for future generations, ”warned Jeworrek.
Sources & related:
- aus: welt.de, im Anschluss an den Artikel findet sich Auflistung der 22 schlimmsten und der 10 teuersten Naturkatastrophe
- 2008 Hurricane Ike on wikipedia/ dt./eng.
- 2008 Sichuan Earthquakeon wikipedia / dt. / engl.
- Schäden im ganzen Bundesgebiet - Sturm Emma/FAZ 02.03.2008